Evolutionary analysis of gsm, umts and lte mobile network. The overall gsm network architecture is described in 3gpp ts 23. The gsm contains most of the necessary capabilities to support packet transmission over gsm. Global system for mobile communication is used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. Difference between gsm and 3g network technology compare.
Gsm provides new services are call making, call hold, conference calling, short message servicing and fax and electronic mail. Mobile communications networks mobile communications networks. Gsm owns a market share of more than 70 percent of the worlds digital cellular subscribers. Possibility to transfer service information between. However the 2g gsm architecture does show the voice and operational basic functions that are needed and how they fit together. A gsm modem requires a sim card to be operated and operates over a network range subscribed by the network operator. Examples of other data stored in the hlr in a sim record. Customised applications for mobile network enhanced logic camel. Different lte evolutionary paths umts forum, 2008 4. Please note that a mobile subscriber must always be registered in a vlr in order to use the services of the network. Gsm network architecture, channelisation, signalling and. It manages communication between gsm and other networks. Possibility to set 2g mscvlr to handle the wideband radio access, utran. Study and learn interview mcq questions and answers on 2g gsm structure architecture basics.
These questions are very useful as viva questions also. Pdf gsm means global system for mobile communication. Installed antennas covering the 1800 mhz band, feeders and other site assets can be reused through a variety of known installation practices. Global system for mobile communication gsm definition global system for mobile communication gsm is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. The oldest member of the gsm family of technologies is gsm itself. Cellular networks khoury college of computer sciences. The gsm standard was developed for setting protocols for second generation 2g digital cellular networks. These channels are defined by gsm architecture or structure. Gprs provides a packet switched service over gsm offering data speeds between 56114 kbps. The max speed of 2g with general packet radio service gprs is 50 kbps or 1 mbps with enhanced data rates for gsm evolution edge. Gsm or global system for mobile communications is the most popular wireless cellular communication technique, used for public communication. Attend job interviews and college exams easily with these multiple choice questions. It manages call set up function, routing and basic. Mobile 2g digital damps standardized as is54 by tia in 1992 mainly in north america no longer utilized 30 khz time three users per radio channel a b c a b c mobile 2g digital gsm standardized by etsi in 1990 phase 1 initiated in europe still widely used today 4b connections ww1 simple data services with gprs.
The gsm architecture also contains an intelligent network subsystem in which. Lte 4g network architecture lte core network mobile. Gsm is a circuitswitched system that divides each 200 khz channel into eight 25 khz timeslots. The gsm system can be separated into three extensive divisions. The 2g gsm network architecture follows a logical method of operation. Gsm is the short form of global system for mobile communications. To reduce the signaling overhead and add some other security features, we propose a new generalized. The infrastructure of 2g and 3g cellular networks are similar.
Where these bands were already allocated, the 850 mhz and 1900 mhz bands were used instead for example in canada and the united states. To provide security services like authentication and secure communication, the mechanism has been moved from symmetric cryptography to, despite of its complexity, asymmetric cryptography. The additional components of the gsm architecture comprise of databases and messaging systems functions. Gsm uses digital communication system or dcs 1800 and is the worlds main 2g standard. Global system for mobile gsm is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation 4. Introduction mobile systems focus on seamlessly integrating the existing wireless technologies including gsm, wireless lan, and bluetooth.
Overview of the gsm system and protocol architecture. This is a diagram of the 2g network architecture, a user gets connected to the bts or the base transceiver station tower. It is far simpler than current mobile phone network architectures which use software defined entities to enable very flexible operation. Tinnirello iub bs rnc new ran architecture iurinterface is. Gsm architecture the vlr carries out location registrations and updates. This chapter tells one possible evolution path from 2g 3g network to lte. It can be connected to a computer through serial, usb or. Despite the addition of gprs, a technology gets to the point that it is so old that it needs to be replaced. The user equipment or ue is a major element of the overall 3g umts network architecture. Architecture and working of gsm module with circuit.
It means that when a mobile station comes to a new mscvlr serving area, it must register itself in the vlr, in other words perform a location update. Gsm radio interface modified to broadcast cdma system information. Jul 18, 2017 in this video our four focus areas are. To better understand the gsm architecture, divide all the units in four categories. A gsm modem is a device which can be either a mobile phone or a modem device which can be used to make a computer or any other processor communicate over a network. Before making the major leap from 2g to 3g wireless networks, the lesserknown 2. Security mechanisms in 3g umts this survey paper will not delve into the security features of different 3g architectures.
Gsm is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common european mobile telephone standard. Since the underlying technology is the same, security features of one architecture are applicable to others as well. Interfaces to other mscs are provided to enable calls to be made to mobiles on. Other functional elements shown in figure 2 are as follows.
After its inception, the 2g era drastically evolved from gsm to general packet radio service gprs and enhanced data rates for gsm evolution. Etsi 2g global system for mobile communication gsm. Jul 31, 2017 19 2g3g overview gsm gprs bss bts bsc nodeb rnc pcu utran scp sms sce pstn isdn internet, intranet mscvlr gmsc hlrauc sgsn cg bg ggsn gprs other plmn ipbb 20. The global system for mobile communications gsm which is a standard for 2g second generation cellular networks has created an avenue for the development of 3g third generation and 4g fourth generation cellular network standards such as universal mobile telecommunications system umts and long term evolution lte. Gsm services the subscriber has requested or been given general packet radio service or gprs settings allow the subscriber access to packet services current location of the subscriber. A study on third generation mobile technology 3g and. Evolving through biologicallyinspired technologies 3 mobile communication networks mobile communications networks are getting more and more complex with variety of services they offer variety of devices connected to the network variety of environment and channel conditions they work in. In general, gsm, considered as a 2g 2nd generation mobile technology is based on the digital cellular technology. Topics include bss, mss, bsc, bts, msc, hlr, vlr, auc, eir and more. Hlr connects and interacts with a number of other components on the. It controls calls to and from other telephone and data. Join researchgate to discover and stay uptodate with the latest research from leading experts in 4g and many other. Gsm networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges separated into gsm frequency ranges for 2g and umts frequency bands for 3g, with most 2g gsm networks operating in the 900 mhz or 1800 mhz bands.
This gsm tutorial covers gsm basics, gsm architecture and gsm system features. Channel types decide whether to carry traffic or signalling information. In the us, gsm operates in the bands 850 mhz and 1900 mhz. The core network is then the overall entity that interfaces to external networks including the public phone network and other cellular telecommunications networks. Reuse of existing gsm bts equipment should be supported when modernization to a full rf sharing solution isnt.
Hybrid terminals, which support ip and some other communications. In order to extend the life span of the ageing gsm standard, gprs was introduced along with its features and benefits. Mar 30, 2018 gsm stand for global system for mobile if we are discussing about gsm architecture means we are talking about 2g technology architecture you should remember this point telecom evolution has brought advance technology 3g,4g lte but here we are talking about gsm architecture simple means we are talking about 2g architecture latter on we will discuss about 3g and 4g lte architecture step by step. These functions and interfaces are explained in this chapter. A list of related standards in the public domain is accessible via the etsi standards search. Ch1 gsm global system for mobile communication mohamed shaaban. It initially started as a circuit switching network, but later packet switching was implemented.
Authentication and secure communication in gsm, gprs. Jul 11, 2016 architecturally there arent major differences between 2g and 3g. Three primary benefits of 2g networks over their predecessors were that. Gsm explain gsm architecture with a neat block diagram. Given below is a simple pictorial view of the gsm architecture. What are the differences between 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g and 5g. Gsm was the most popular 2g technology when compared with other 2g technologies introduced in the same decade, like is95 in north america and pdc personal digital communication in japan. This basic tutorial on gsm architecture also covers gsm burst types, gsm frame structure, gsm channels, gsm physical layer and so on.
Its widely used in europe and other countries of world. Gsm architecture a gsm network comprises of many functional units. It is made of many small units working in a harmonious way. The mobile station ms the base station subsystem bss the network switching subsystem nss the operation support subsystem oss given below is a simple pictorial view of the gsm architecture. Alternative solutions cover both partial refarming to gsm lte dual mode or to lteonly. The critical part in the gprs network is the mobile to gsn mssgsn link which includes the msbts, btsbsc, bscsgsn, and the sgsnggsn link. Architecture of the gsm system several providers setup mobile networks following the gsm standard within each country components oms mobile station obs base station omsc mobile switching center olr location register subsystems orss radio subsystem. In the united kingdom, pcn is already being designed and deployed with close adherence to the gsm standards other than the different operating frequencies gsm operates at 900 mhz and the united kingdom pcn operates at 1800 mhz. They comprise an air interface between the users mobile device and the base station and two core networks. Gsm operates on the mobile communication bands 900 mhz and 1800 mhz in most parts of the world.
Gsm uses narrowband time division multiple access tdma for providing voice and text based services over mobile phone networks. History developed by group speciale mobile founded 1982 which was an initiative of cept conference of european post and telecommunication under etsi, gsm is named as global system for mobile communication in 1989 full set of specifications phasei became available in 1990 phase 2 of the gsm specifications occurs. The 2g technology led to an interim generation of 2. These gsm logical channels are responsible for effectively using the radio interface between a mobile and base transceiver station bts.
Architecture of the gsm system gsm is a plmn public land mobile network several providers setup mobile networks following the gsm standard within each country gsm system comprises 3 subsystems rss radio subsystem. Nokia siemens networks lte 1800 mhz introducing lte with. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, jorg eberspacher and others published gsm architecture. Architecture of the gsm system gsm is a plmn public land mobile network. Gsm is expected to play a major role in the specification of the standards for upc. Muhammad faisal 4 department of computer science, b acha khan university. This process is explained clearly with the help of cellular architecture like gsm. This tutorial has been designed for readers who want to understand the basics of gsm in very simple terms. Authentication and secure communication in gsm, gprs, and. Architecture, security and future challenges ihtesham ul haq 1, zia ur rah man 2, shahid ali 3, engr. Gsm network architecture, channelisation, signalling and call.
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